Rioja
The Rioja region, nestled in northern Spain, is renowned worldwide for its exquisite and richly flavoured wines. Dating back to the mid-19th century, the wines from this region were a local secret until the construction of the railway expanded their reach globally. The French, particularly captivated by the high-quality Spanish grapes, introduced elements of their winemaking techniques to the region, including the use of Bordeaux barriques. The Rioja region is divided into three key areas: Alta, Baja, and Alavesa. Each area produces distinct wines, with some even using a special blend of grapes from all three zones. Rioja Baja's wines are known for their high alcohol content and unique flavor, while the wines from Rioja Alta and Alavesa are characterized by their originality, attributed to the cooler climate and ocean currents. The region's soil, a harmonious blend of clay, sand, and limestone, significantly contributes to the quality of its wines. As the only region in Spain with a DOC classification, Rioja's wines range from Joven to Gran Reserva, with red wines being the predominant type. The primary grape varieties used are Tempranillo and Garnacha, followed by Graciano. White wines are also produced in the region, mainly from Garnacha Blanca, Viura, and Malvasia grapes.
| Region | Rioja |
|---|---|
| Country | Spain |
| Climate and soil | The Rioja region boasts a continental climate, although the areas of Rioja Alta and Rioja Alavesa experience influences from the Atlantic winds that bring cool autumns and mild summers. These conditions are ideal for the growth of well-balanced Tempranillo grapes, known for their vibrant color and fragrance. Conversely, Rioja Baja has a more Mediterranean climate, with scorching sunshine ideal for the cultivation of Garnacha grapes, known for producing soft, high-alcohol wines. The Pyrenees shields the region from the harsh northern winds, though winters can still be quite cold and foggy. The soil across the region is predominantly calcareous. While Rioja Alta and Rioja Alavesa have limestone soil with a hint of slate, Rioja Baja has a layer of ferrous clay, silt, and sand over limestone rock. |